The "draft" technical paper provides a brief gap analysis of the Codes and Standards for Delayed Ignition with a focus on discharge of warm gas and thermal radiation and impingement.

The "draft" report briefly discusses two distinctly different scenarios that create overpressure from an external release of hydrogen into an ambient air environment: Delayed ignition from a pressurized release and Delayed ignition of a flammable gas cloud.

The testing provided data to allow the ability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling to predict accumulation of natural gas from transient releases and temporal and spatial variations in explosion loading. Strain and pressure data was also gained on the structural response to allow assessment of structural modelling. 

This report is developed as a part of the project “EMSA study investigating the safety of hydrogen as fuel on ships”. The overall objective of the project is to carry out a structured set of safety assessments and reliability analyses,delivering a Guidance document addressing ships using hydrogen as fuel. The purpose is to assist the industry and the regulators towards a safe and harmonised deployment of this relevant technology that could demonstrate an important step towards decarbonisation of the sector.

The purpose of this action is to make changes to the Risk Management Program (RMP) rule in order to improve safety at facilities that use and distribute hazardous chemicals. Because major and other serious and concerning RMP accidents continue to occur, this final rule aims to better identify and further regulate risky facilities to prevent accidental releases before they can occur.

On March 11, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the much-anticipated Safer Communities by Chemical Accident Prevention Rule (SCCAP) Final Rule, an update to EPA’s Risk Management Program (RMP) 40 CFR Part 68, under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA). This is the first substantial change to the rule since its inception in 1996.

How cryogenic containers workCondensation/StratificationEvaporationLiquid GrowthCryogenic TanksInsulation Methods

Hydrogen is a key energy carrier for modern society. The breaking of the hydrogen bonds within traditional hydrocarbon molecules has been the primary mode of energy utilization since the industrial revolution. An increased focus on “net-zero” greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide and methane, has resulted in a global push for lower carbon energy vectors, including pure hydrogen.

Safe practices in the production, storage, distribution, and use of hydrogen are essential for the widespread acceptance of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. A catastrophic failure in any hydrogen project could damage public perception of hydrogen and fuel cells. Given the nascent nature of the mobile hydrogen applications, incidents involving mobile equipment can have detrimental impacts for the public as well as stakeholders and project proponents who are committed to hydrogen’s use as a safe alternative energy resource. 

Several codes require excess flow valves in pipelines so that in the case of line rupture, the flow will be shut off.   In theory, this is a good idea, however, in practicality, it has many limitations.  The sizing and practical uses make the sizing difficult if sometimes impossible, depending on the design parameters.