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Type

Any

Year of Publication

2020, 2014, 2007

Type

Any

Year of Publication

2020, 2014, 2007
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This document provides an example safety plan in Attachment A associated with hydrogen and fuel cells, where there is a significant flammability or explosive hazard from quantities, pressures, exposures, or other conditions. Hydrogen is unique among flammable gases in that small quantities may result in ignition or explosions. This example safety plan was developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) and its Hydrogen Safety Panel (HSP) members to assist entities working with hydrogen to ensure the protection of life, property, and the environment.
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The Hydrogen Safety Panel was established by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide independent safety reviews and guidance to contractors in the DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program. In September 2017, the panel set up a task group to compile select hydrogen incidents from the H2Tools.org Lessons Learned database (https://h2tools.org/lessons) in a publication form for written reference, that are most pertinent to various types of DOE contractor projects. This report is the result of the task group’s work. 
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Are Unconfined Hydrogen Vapor Cloud Explosions Credible?
Author(s)
C. Eastwood
M. Goodrich
J.K. Thomas
Owner/operators of chemical processing and petroleum refining sites often ask whether unconfined hydrogen vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) can actually occur. This question normally arises during the course of a consequence-based facility siting study (FSS) or a quantitative risk assessment (QRA). While it is generally recognized that a hydrogen release within a process enclosure could lead to an explosion, the potential for an external hydrogen release to cause a VCE is not as widely recognized and is often questioned.
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AS THE WORLD SEEKS TO IDENTIFY alternative energy sources, hydrogen-powered fuel cells offer a broad range of benefits for the environment, the economy, and energy security. Hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to replace the internal combustion engine and to provide power in a wide range of stationary and portable applications.
NASA - Fundamentals of Cryogenics
Author(s)
Wesley Johnson
Thomas Tomsik
Jeff Moder
Course Objectives• Introduce the student to basic concepts in cryogenicsystems.• Introduce the student to basic hardware used incryogenic systems and what the function of thehardware is (i.e. why do you need that).• Introduce the student to what may be experiencedduring testing of cryogenic systems and what types ofmeasurements and instrumentation may be desired,needed, or required.• Introduce the student to various methods of modelingand analysis of cryogenic systems includingstrengths and weaknesses of various tools.
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Sodium chloride and four or five other particulate materials have been used successfully as fire suppression agents for specific combustible metal fires. The certification testing and National Fire Protection Association recommendations for using these suppression agents are summarized here. The sodium chloride based agent and ordinary sand have also been used in some sodium hydride fires, and in a sodium hydride fire test series.
Large-Scale Hydrogen Deflagrations and Detonations
Author(s)
Groethe, M.
Merilo, E.
Colton, J.
Chiba, S.
Sato, Y.
Iwabuchi, H
Large-scale deflagration and detonation experiments of hydrogen and air mixtures provide fundamental data needed to address accident scenarios and to help in the evaluation and validation of numerical models such as the AutoReaGas code (used by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd). Several different experiments of this type were performed. Measurements included flame-front time of arrival (TOA) using ionization probes, blast pressure, heat flux, high-speed video, standard video, and infrared video.
Disclaimer- The documents and references herein are for information purposes only and should not be construed as endorsement by the Hydrogen Safety Panel.
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