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Miscellaneous, Storage

Category

Miscellaneous, Storage

Composite cylinders can be manufactured to standards written by CSA, ASME, and ISO depending on the application and local requirements. Several ISO standards can serve as the basis for composite cylinder approvals within North America.

Category: Storage

Leakage/loss depends on the vessel design. Metallic or metallic lined vessels have extremely low permeability and losses through the vessel walls are typically imperceptible. Conversely, Type IV composite vessels which have non-metallic liners are subject to permeation. They are required to meet maximum permeation rates as part of their certification. Fugitive emissions from piping systems can…

Category: Storage

Store flammable gas cylinders such as hydrogen, separated from oxidizing (e.g. oxygen), toxic, pyrophoric, corrosive, and reactive Class 2, 3, or 4 gases. Non-reactive gases, such as helium, may be co-located. See codes and standards such as NFPA 2 [7.2.1.1 Incompatible Materials] for further guidance.

Category: Storage

Flare-less compression style fittings are commonly used. Choose tubing materials and tube wall thicknesses suitable for hydrogen and pressures you are using. Make sure all tubing joints are properly made, mechanically supported to minimize stress and vibration, are in a ventilated space, and are easily accessible for inspection and leak testing. 

Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Tubing, Guidelines

In general, indoor storage should be limited and the use of hydrogen indoors should be the least necessary. Look to store flammable gases outdoors in dedicated protected area when practicable. Check to see what adopted building and fire codes in your jurisdiction say. NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technology Code, Sections 6.4.1 and 16.3 prescribe requirements to limit hydrogen storage and use in…

Category: Miscellaneous

Purging is not recommended as a continuous part of vent stack operation. However, maintenance activity is a transient event and it’s prudent and recommended to purge a vent system prior to performing maintenance. It’s always possible that hydrogen could be leaking internally from a valve or other component and therefore create a hazard. Of particular note, care must be taken that proper…

Category: Miscellaneous

We are not aware of a study for blended NG/H2. However, for high concentrations of NG, the vent system should be similar to NG, which still recommends a vent system as NG is less dense than air. For nearly pure hydrogen the recommendations of this presentation are in effect.

Category:

We would not open the vent system to inspect the internal piping without a good reason.

It is recommended to check for water in the vent stack trap

  1. At startup and daily during startup.
  2. On LH2 tank system, every delivery
  3. After the 1st rainstorm after a system is installed
  4. LH2 vent stacks after establishing the baseline above
    1. After every large…
Category: Miscellaneous
  1. Understand any reactions the hydrogen can add to what is being vented. For instance, O2/H2 vented in the same stack would not be a good idea.
  2. Understand all the flow and operating parameters of the streams to ensure no back flow into the hydrogen system or vice versa.
  3. Ensure the venting/flaring system can handle the hydrogen flow parameters.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Vent, Flaring

Recommended limits of heat flux for various exposures is provided in documents such as API Standard 521, the International Fire Code, the National Fire Protection Association and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers. Selection of a specific thermal radiation level is dependent upon a risk analysis. Some salient exposures are listed below.

  • 1,577 W/m2 (500 Btu/hr ft2) is defined…
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Safety, NFPA 2, Heat
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