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Piping, System Design

Category

Piping, System Design

The containerized electrolysis unit should be installed per manufacturer instructions, the requirements
of its listing such as to ISO 22734, Hydrogen generators using water electrolysis - Industrial, commercial,
and residential applications, and NFPA 2, Hydrogen Technologies Code. A primary consideration for
indoor installation is the potential for hydrogen releases from the system,…

Category: System Design

The conversion is based on the condition as determined from a variety of non-destructive techniques which are commonly used for pipeline mechanical integrity programs. Existing natural gas pipelines are frequently evaluated for conversion to hydrogen, hydrogen-natural gas blend, and other fluid services.
The conversion can be done safely if handled with the proper expertise and…

Category: Piping

The suspected cause was a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen that passed downstream from the electrolysis unit into several storage vessels. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures are very hazardous. Subsequent ignition resulted in internal pressure that exceeded the limits of the storage system. The design of electrolyzers, detection of upset conditions, and preventing the accumulation of oxygen within the…

Category: System Design

Hydrogen has been transported safely through pipelines for over 50 years. There are dozens of pipeline networks in safe operation globally, with several individual networks that approach up to 1000 miles. 

Significant testing and some demonstration projects are underway to ensure safety. Some of the aspects under investigation include compatibility of the pipe and other materials,…

Category: Piping

Acceptability of materials is highly dependent on the specific application. Applied stress levels, exposure to contaminants, the operating temperature, the partial pressure, and number and magnitude of material stress cycles are some of the factors that affect material selection. Guidance is provided within documents such as ISO 11114, Gas cylinders - Compatibility of cylinder and valve…

Category: Piping

Because cast irons are relatively brittle materials, they should generally be avoided in industrial and
transmission pipeline applications. In low pressure applications like residential distribution piping
systems, the use of cast irons is probably acceptable.

Category: Piping

Hydrogen affects the mechanical properties of most materials. For example, hydrogen reduces the
fracture toughness and increases the fatigue crack growth rate in steels. There is a significant amount of
research, analytical work, and codes and standards development being undertaken to improve our
understanding of how these materials can be utilized in pipelines. The results of the…

Category: Piping

There is no maximum flow-rate that can be vented to the atmosphere, but the hazard analysis should consider the potential risk of dispersion, radiation, and overpressure as part of the vent system design. Flare systems are often used at large hydrogen production facilities as one means to prevent a large unignited cloud from forming but will depend on the specific application.

Category: System Design

The routing will be dependent on the system design, size of release, and evaluation of the hazards.
Smaller systems are rarely vented to a flare due to complexity, availability and permitting considerations.
Facilities handling large amounts of hydrogen such as production plants will often have a flare system
since they have more capability for this additional onsite infrastructure.…

Category: System Design

There is some indication that toroidal rings can reduce static buildup and ignition of hydrogen from a vent. However, while toroidal rings may help with static, they have not been proven to eliminate all static ignition sources. There are also other sources of ignition that they would not prevent, so they might reduce but not eliminate, vent stack fires. Another method that can be reliably…

Category: System Design
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