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FAQ Keywords: Vent System


The main advantage of a “tee” style design is that the thrust loads at the vent exits are balanced. This means that an unequal force that might push the vent stack over is not present. Generally,…

The most common modes of failure for vent lines is backpressure and thrust forces.
Backpressure failures can be from several causes:

  • Inadequate calculation of the backpressure caused…

All vent stacks/systems should be bonded and grounded to minimize ignition sources. Higher pressure streams from higher velocities have a greater risk of igniting for several reasons, including…

The answer is dependent upon the nature of the system and a hazard assessment which evaluates a balance of risk. 

Keeping the hydrogen in the vessel is better so the hydrogen release…

It is best to avoid planned blowdown of large amounts of hydrogen inventory at high flowrates if possible.  Low flow releases from vent systems are normal and occur for purging,…

There are several concerns with “snuffing” a hydrogen fire from a vent stack. Most importantly, snuffing a hydrogen fire before the hydrogen is isolated…

Yes, numerous incidents have occurred where frozen air (which contains oxygen) has built up within a hydrogen process or vent system. These incidents with vent systems incorporate more than just a…

The vent system should be designed for the temperature at which it operates (ambient for GH2 and Cryogenic for LH2). The outlet of the vent system should be designed for a fire to ensure the…

The colors of hydrogen are not different hydrogen molecules. The colors represent the different methods to produce hydrogen. The colors are based on how much carbon is produced into the atmosphere…

The potential of an explosive atmosphere is inherent with any vent system and must be addressed through adequate design. Purging for most vent stacks is impractical due to availability or cost. In…

Refer to the white paper completed by the HSP for LH2. The same criteria should be applied to
a vent system. See below.

H2Tools Document Library:…

It is not possible to define ignition potential by just velocity without more data (i.e. pressure, materials involved, direction of impact). Due to the multiple methods of developing an ignition…

This may be able to be accomplished as a method for ignition. We have not seen it.

As flaring is not usually recommended, especially when timing is an issue, a sparker that takes time to…

Exhaust systems (sometimes referred to as ventilation systems) are used to exhaust hydrogen and air mixtures. Normally these are used to vent streams with less than flammable range hydrogen in air…

Nearly all hydrogen storage tanks and hydrogen storage systems will need some type of pressure relief system to protect the vessels from overpressure. If there are pressure relief devices, some…

No, in nearly all cases, a deluge system is not needed. The proper sizing of relief devices using documents such as CGA S1.3 will ensure that they are of sufficient size to address worst case…

Plugging is a concern before, during, and after a release. Prior to the release, water may accumulate in the vent system from weather conditions (rain, snow, etc.) or from condensation,…

Liquid hydrogen will almost never accumulate in a vent system since vent systems are typically designed without insulation. The extremely cold liquid hydrogen temperature of -420 F.

The SRV orientation is critical for many reasons. Many of these are:

  1. Manufacturer recommendations – Manufacturers may require a certain orientation based on the internal design.
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